Product Liability Directive transposition, state by state
Directive (EU) 2024/2853, Articles 2(1), 21(1) and 22(1), and the Commission's register of notified national measures, read on 23 October 2026
States must bring their laws into force by 9 December 2026, for products placed on the market after 8 December 2026. On 23 October 2026, 3 of 27 had notified one. A directive binds the state and not your company, so until your state's law exists, the law it made under the 1985 Directive is what binds.
- Who it applies to
- Manufacturers of products, software included, and the importers, authorised representatives and others the Directive makes liable behind them.
- The dates
- Products placed on the market after 8 December 2026, under the law each state must bring into force by 9 December 2026.
- The one thing to do
- Find your state below: its new law if it has notified one, otherwise the 1985 law that still binds you there.
The register on 23 October 2026
What each state has notified to the Commission, and nothing else. A law passed and not yet notified does not appear.
- 3states have notified a measure (Croatia, Hungary, and Slovakia)
- 24states have notified none
| State | New law (2024/2853) | What binds until then |
|---|---|---|
| Austria | None notified | Its law under Directive 85/374/EEC, which stays in force as national law until the state changes it. One measure notified for the 1985 Directive
|
| Belgium | None notified | Its law under Directive 85/374/EEC, which stays in force as national law until the state changes it. One measure notified for the 1985 Directive
|
| Bulgaria | None notified | Its law under Directive 85/374/EEC, which stays in force as national law until the state changes it. One measure notified for the 1985 Directive
|
| Croatia | One measure notified
| The notified law, for products placed on the market after 8 December 2026. |
| Cyprus | None notified | Its law under Directive 85/374/EEC, which stays in force as national law until the state changes it. One measure notified for the 1985 Directive
|
| Czechia | None notified | Its law under Directive 85/374/EEC, which stays in force as national law until the state changes it. 4 measures notified for the 1985 Directive
|
| Denmark | None notified | Its law under Directive 85/374/EEC, which stays in force as national law until the state changes it. One measure notified for the 1985 Directive
|
| Estonia | None notified | Its law under Directive 85/374/EEC, which stays in force as national law until the state changes it. One measure notified for the 1985 Directive
|
| Finland | None notified | Its law under Directive 85/374/EEC, which stays in force as national law until the state changes it. One measure notified for the 1985 Directive
|
| France | None notified | Its law under Directive 85/374/EEC, which stays in force as national law until the state changes it. 3 measures notified for the 1985 Directive
|
| Germany | None notified | Its law under Directive 85/374/EEC, which stays in force as national law until the state changes it. One measure notified for the 1985 Directive
|
| Greece | None notified | Its law under Directive 85/374/EEC, which stays in force as national law until the state changes it. 3 measures notified for the 1985 Directive
|
| Hungary | 6 measures notified
| The notified law, for products placed on the market after 8 December 2026. |
| Ireland | None notified | Its law under the 1985 Directive. The register holds no record for this state under either Directive, so it does not name that law. |
| Italy | None notified | Its law under Directive 85/374/EEC, which stays in force as national law until the state changes it. 2 measures notified for the 1985 Directive
|
| Latvia | None notified | Its law under Directive 85/374/EEC, which stays in force as national law until the state changes it. 2 measures notified for the 1985 Directive
|
| Lithuania | None notified | Its law under the 1985 Directive. The register holds no record for this state under either Directive, so it does not name that law. |
| Luxembourg | None notified | Its law under the 1985 Directive. The register holds no record for this state under either Directive, so it does not name that law. |
| Malta | None notified | Its law under the 1985 Directive. The register holds no record for this state under either Directive, so it does not name that law. |
| Netherlands | None notified | Its law under Directive 85/374/EEC, which stays in force as national law until the state changes it. One measure notified for the 1985 Directive
|
| Poland | None notified | Its law under Directive 85/374/EEC, which stays in force as national law until the state changes it. One measure notified for the 1985 Directive
|
| Portugal | None notified | Its law under Directive 85/374/EEC, which stays in force as national law until the state changes it. One measure notified for the 1985 Directive
|
| Romania | None notified | Its law under Directive 85/374/EEC, which stays in force as national law until the state changes it. 2 measures notified for the 1985 Directive
|
| Slovakia | One measure notified
| The notified law, for products placed on the market after 8 December 2026. |
| Slovenia | None notified | Its law under Directive 85/374/EEC, which stays in force as national law until the state changes it. 7 measures notified for the 1985 Directive
|
| Spain | None notified | Its law under Directive 85/374/EEC, which stays in force as national law until the state changes it. 2 measures notified for the 1985 Directive
|
| Sweden | None notified | Its law under Directive 85/374/EEC, which stays in force as national law until the state changes it. 4 measures notified for the 1985 Directive
|
StandardOS reads the Commission's register from CELLAR on the date above. It records notifications, not parliaments, and this page is not legal advice.
Questions about transposition
Does the new Directive bind my company on 9 December 2026?
Not by itself. A directive binds the member state (Article 288 TFEU), and the Court of Justice has held since Faccini Dori (C-91/92) that it gives no claim against a private party. The new rules reach you through your state's law, for products placed on the market after 8 December 2026.
My state has not transposed. What applies to a product I place on the market after 8 December 2026?
Your state's existing product liability law, the one it made under Directive 85/374/EEC. It stays in force as national law until the state changes it. Once the deadline has passed, its courts read it in the light of the new Directive as far as they can. The table lists what each state notified for 1985.
What about products already on the market?
They stay under the 1985 rules. Article 21(1) repeals Directive 85/374/EEC from 9 December 2026 but keeps it for products placed on the market or put into service before that day, through the national law that transposed it.
Why does the register show nothing for a state whose parliament has passed a law?
The register records what a government has notified to the Commission. A law adopted and not yet notified appears only once the notification arrives, and the date beside each measure is the notification's.
What changes once my state's new law applies?
Software is a product (Article 4(1)), and safety-relevant cybersecurity requirements count in deciding whether it is defective (Article 7(2)(f)). Courts can order a defendant to disclose evidence (Article 9) and presume a defect in set cases (Article 10).
Where to start
Find the state where each product is placed on the market. Until that state's new law applies, plan to the law it has now, and keep the records for every unit placed after 8 December 2026.
What the new Directive asks, provision by provision, and where it meets the Cyber Resilience Act, is on the hub. The Product Liability Directive hub
The Cyber Resilience ActEvery free tool and template
Sources, read on 23 October 2026: The register for Directive (EU) 2024/2853 on EUR-Lex, The register for Directive 85/374/EEC on EUR-Lex. This page reads the Commission's register and the Directive. It is not legal advice.